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Nomascus gabriellae
Taxonomy (Name)
| Class | MAMMALIAIUCN | |
|---|---|---|
| Order | DIPROTODONTIAIUCN | |
| Family | HYLOBATIDAEIUCN | |
| Scientific Name | Nomascus gabriellaeIUCN | |
| Author | (Thomas, 1909)IUCN | |
| Synonyms | Hylobates gabriellae Thomas, 1909 IUCN | |
| Common Name | ||
| Local name | Brunei Darussalam | |
| Cambodia | ||
| China | ||
| Indonesia | ||
| Japan | ||
| Lao PDR | ||
| Malaysia | ||
| Myanmar | ||
| Mongolia | ||
| Philippines | ||
| Singapore | ||
| Republic of Korea | ||
| Thailand | ||
| Vietnam | ||
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Distribution, Range
Traditionally, the range of N. gabriellae includes northeastern Cambodia, south of Ratanakari province, and southern Viet Nam, south of Bach Ma. The range here extends further to the north to include animals that, at least phenotypically (coloration), are N. gabriellae, to include southern Lao PDR, as far north as Savannakhet and to Thua Thien Hue province (and possibly Quang Tri province) in central Viet Nam (Geissmann et al. 2000).
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Country
| Brunei Darussalam | |
|---|---|
| Cambodia |  IUCN |
| China | |
| Indonesia | |
| Japan | |
| Lao PDR | IUCN |
| Malaysia | |
| Myanmar | |
| Mongolia | |
| Philippines | |
| Singapore | |
| Republic of Korea | |
| Thailand | |
| Vietnam | IUCN |
Status
International Status
IUCN Red List Category
ENIUCN
Justification
This species is considered Endangered based on an estimated population reduction of over 50% when considering the past 45 years (three generations) due primarily to hunting and habitat loss. A close monitoring of this species is required given predicated likely rates of both habitat loss and hunting in the future.
CITES
Appendix IIUCN
CMS
National Status
| Country | Category | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Brunei Darussalam | ||
| Cambodia | EN | Endangered Spacies in Cambodia(WWF) http://cambodia.panda.org/wwf_in_cambodia/endangered_species |
| China | ||
| Indonesia | ||
| Japan | ||
| Korea | ||
| Lao PDR | ||
| Malaysia | ||
| Mongolia | ||
| Myanmar | ||
| Philippines | ||
| Singapore | ||
| Thailand | ||
| Vietnam |
Ecology Discription
Appearance
Habitat
This species is found in tall evergreen and semi-evergreen forest (Geissman et al. 2000), although it probably ranges into other forest types (like mixed bamboo and woodland forest) adjacent to these, and may also occur in riverine and gallery forest associations. In Bach Ma National Park (central Viet Nam), gibbons appeared to live in lowland evergreen forest at altitudes between 400 and 800 m, although the park area also includes forest areas at higher altitudes (Geissmann et al. 2007). In Lao PDR, gibbons are found from the Mekong plains up to at least 1,550 in the Phou Ahyon area, and 1,650 m in Phou Louey National Biodiversity Conservation Area (Duckworth et al. 1999), but the species is scarce above an altitude of 1,500 m (Eames and Robson, 1993).
Population size
It is likely that this species is the most common of the crested gibbons in Viet Nam, although this is difficult to assess given the uncertainty of the identity of animals in the northern part of the range (Geissmann et al. 2000). Brickle et al. (1998) reported that it was fairly common in some areas of Dak Lak province, and the Lam Dong Plateau seems to support a relatively large population of this species (Geissmann et al. 2000). In Bach Ma National Park (central Viet Nam), eight groups were recorded during a survey covering one 6 km2 of the park (Geissmann et al. 2003). In Cat Tien National Park the population has been estimated at 150 groups and around 500 individuals (Hao et al. 2005). Based on a status report, Geissmann et al. (2003) recorded 15 localities where traditional N. gabriellae should occur, of which five no longer held any populations. There were an additional nine localities for the questionable N. gabriellae area, and gibbons no longer occurred in three of these. These must have been relatively recent losses. Recent disappearance of individual groups (for undetermined reasons) was also reported for Bach Ma National Park (Tallents et al. 2001), and disappearance of individual groups as a result of habitat clearance was reported for Nam Cat Tien (Geissmann 1995).
In Cambodia, in Seima Biodiversity Conservation Area, the population is estimated at between 1,300 and 1,700 groups (Rawson and Clements in prep.), but including the surrounding forested areas the total population may be twice this size (Traeholt et al. 2005). Other estimates include: about 850 groups in Snoul Wildlife Sanctuary; about 360 groups in Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary estimated; 330 groups in Nam Lyr Wildlife Sanctuary; 5,750 groups in Virachey National Park, and 1,100 groups in the Pheapimex concession (Traeholt et al. 2005).
In Lao PDR, high gibbon densities have been reported from Xe Pian National Biodiversity Conservation Area (Duckworth et al. 1995, 1999). There is an estimated 400-6,720 groups from Xe Pian National Biodiversity Conservation Area (Duckworth et al. 1995). The large Xe Pian-Dong Hua Sao National Biodiversity Conservation Areas population is of major global significance for gibbon conservation (Duckworth et al. 1999).
During a survey of about 6 km2 of Bach Ma National Park (Thua Thien Hue province, central Viet Nam) where forests occupy 220 km2, a density of about 1.3 goups/km2 was estimated (Geissmann et al. 2007). Among six provinces from Thua Thien Hue (central Viet Nam) to Thanh Hoa (southern part of north Viet Nam), Dak Rong Nature Reserve (Quang Tri province, central Viet Nam) was identified as one locality with the highest gibbon density, with an estimated density of only 0.06 groups/km2 (Nguyen Manh Ha et al. 2005). Estimated population densities in Cambodia range from 0.00 to 3.73 groups/km2 (n = 15), with an average of 1.47 groups/km2 (Traeholt et al. 2005).
Behavior
Like other gibbons, yellow-cheeked crested gibbons are arboreal and diurnal. Average group size is on the order 3?5 individuals. They feed mainly on fruit and leaves (Traeholt et al. 2005). Home range sizes in Nam Cat Tien National Park range from less than 30 ha in evergreen forest to up to 100 ha in bamboo forest (Traeholt et al. 2005).
Diet
Reproduction
Threat
Major Threat(s)
The major threat in Cambodia and Viet Nam is hunting for the pet trade, although in Lao PDR hunting takes place mainly for food. Areas in southern Viet Nam have been heavily degraded by the spraying of aerial defoliant, agricultural encroachment, and logging, though this species appears to survive in moderately disturbed forest, as suggested by its continued presence in Cat Tien National Park and Dak Uyn Sate Forest Enterprise (Geissmann et al. 2000).
Conservation and Measurement
International
CITES, Appendix I. IUCN
National
In Viet Nam it is listed on Appendix 1B of Decree 32, 2006. IUCN
Conservation law
| Country | Status | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Brunei Darussalam | ||
| Cambodia | ||
| China | ||
| Indonesia | ||
| Japan | ||
| Korea | ||
| Lao PDR | ||
| Malaysia | ||
| Mongolia | ||
| Myanmar | ||
| Philippines | ||
| Singapore | ||
| Thailand | ||
| Vietnam | Group I: Prohibiting Exploitation and Use for Commercial Purposes | The Government Decree 32/2006/ND-CP, Dated 30th March 2006 on Management of Endangered, Precious and Rare Species of Wild Plants and Animals |
Protected Area
In Cambodia, yellow-cheeked gibbons have been recorded from several protected areas, including Snoul Wildlife Sanctuary, Seima Biodiversity Conservation Area, Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, Nam Lyr Wildlife Sanctuary, and Virachey National Park (Traeholt et al. 2005). In Lao PDR, they are present in effectively all protected areas within their range (Duckworth et al. 1999). In Viet Nam, Bach Ma National Park, Cat Tien National Park, Bu Gia Map National Park and Nui Chua National Park hold important populations (T. Geissmann et al. pers comm.).
Other Coservation Projects
Citation
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