Presbytis chrysomelas

Taxonomy (Name)

Picture

Distribution, Range

This species is endemic to the island of Borneo, it occurs in Brunei, Indonesia (Kalimantan) and Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak). It is found north and northeast of the Kapuas River in northwestern Kalimantan, and through Sarawak (mainly in coastal areas) and Brunei as far as Melalap, Sabah (Groves 2001). The species is found only in remaining habitat within its extent of occurrence; much of its mapped range is historical. There is some confusion about where this species still remains, as many of the records are also historical.
P. c. chrysomelas:
Occurs in western Brunei, northwestern Kalimantan (northeast of the Kapuas River) and western Sarawak, as far as the IV Division of Sarawak (Groves 2001).
P. c. cruciger:
Ranges from the Baram District (in northeastern Sarawak) to Sabah (Groves 2001).

IUCN

Map

Country

Brunei Darussalam	IUCN
Cambodia
China
Indonesia	IUCN
Japan
Lao PDR
Malaysia	IUCN
Myanmar
Mongolia
Philippines
Singapore
Republic of Korea
Thailand
Vietnam

Status

International Status

IUCN Red List Category

CRIUCN

Justification

This species is listed as Critically Endangered as it is only known from five sites, where populations have been reduced by approximately 80% over the past 30 years (approximately three generations). In addition, the area of occupancy has been reduced dramatically. This species was once considered common, thus there is great concern that it is among the rarest primates in the region after 100 years of persecution and habitat loss. This is now considered one of the rarest primates in the world. It occurs in less than 5% of its historic range. Additional conservation measures are urgent as this species could go extinct if current trends continue.

IUCN

CITES

CMS

National Status

Ecology Discription

Appearance

Habitat

This species is found in swamp and lowland forests, as well as mangrove. Group size is 3-7 individuals (J. Hon pers. comm.).

IUCN

Population size

This species was reported as common in the early 20th century (Baccari 1904; Banks 1931), in areas where today it no longer occurs. Recent records are from five sites: Maludam National Park (Malaysia); Samunsam Wildlife Sanctuary (Malaysia); Similajau National Park (Malaysia); Tanjung Datu National Park (Malaysia); the Lingga area of Sarawak (Malaysia); and possibly Betung Kerihun National Park (Indonesia) (J. Hon pers. comm.). Combined population estimates from these sites are very low (approximately 200-500 individuals) (J. Hon and V. Nijman pers. comm.).

IUCN

Behavior

Diet

Reproduction

Threat

Major Threat(s)

Habitat conversion has historically been the main threat to this species, resulting in its disappearance from most of its former range. It has in particular been affected by expanding plantations, especially oil palm, in recent years.

IUCN

Conservation and Measurement

International

This species is listed under CITES Appendix II.IUCN

National

Conservation law

Protected Area

The majority of the remaining populations are found in national parks. The species is protected in Sarawak. Further research and surveys are necessary to confirm the persistence and population size of the five remaining sites, which include Maludam National Park, Samunsam Wildlife Sanctuary, Similajau National Park, and Tanjung Datu National Park in Malaysia, and possibly Betung Kerihun National Park in Indonesia. It is present as well in the Lingga area of Sarawak, which has recently been proposed as a protected area.

IUCN

Other Coservation Projects

Citation

Groves, C. P. 2001. Primate taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, USA.

Muller, S. 1838. Over eenige nieuwe zoogdieren van Borneo. Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 5: 134?150.

Payne, J. C. M., Francis, C. M. and Phillipps, K. 1985. A field guide to the mammals of Borneo. The Sabah Society, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.

Thomas, O. 1892. Description of a remarkable new Semnopithecus from Sarawak. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 10: 475-477.

IUCN