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Falcated Teal

Common Name Falcated TealBirdlife International
Species name Anas falcataBirdlife International
Family Anatidae
Genus Anas
Local Name
Country Appearance Local name
Brunei Darussalam    
Cambodia    
China    
Indonesia    
Japan Yes ヨシガモ
Lao PDR    
Malaysia    
Mongolia    
Myanmar    
Philippines    
Republic of Korea    
Singapore    
Thailand    
Vietnam    

 

Visual and Sound Image

Photos

Falcated Duck

Videos

 

Sounds

 

Identification

48-54 cm. Relatively bulky dabbling duck. Breeding male unmistakeable, with grey body, large, maned head with green and bronze iridescence, white throat, buff and black undertail-coverts, and elongated, arched tertials. Female and eclipse plumage male fairly uniform dark brown, with paler buff belly.
<Similar species> Female and eclipse male best separated from other Anas species by combination of buff belly, greyish legs, and distinctive shape: relatively short, heavy, but bouyant body with rather long dark grey bill.
<Voice> On breeding grounds, male has a short, low whistle, followed by a wavering uit-trr. Female has a hoarse quack.

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Range Description

This species has a large range, with an estimated global extent of occurrence of 1,000,000-10,000,000 km2. It breeds over much of south-east Siberia, Russia, south to northern Mongolia, China, and Japan. Although the global population was previously estimated to be 35,000 individuals, recent counts indicate that it is considerably higher, with perhaps as many as 89,000 in total9. The majority of birds spending the non-breeding season in China, (78,000), Japan (9,000), North Korea and South Korea (2,000)7,9. It also regularly winters in small numbers in Bangladesh, north-east India, Nepal (rare and irregular1), Taiwan, and northern Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam (very rare visitor6), with vagrants recorded from Afghanistan, Bulgaria, Canada, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Malta, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Turkey, and the Aleutian Islands of the United States5. Escapes from waterfowl collections mask the extent of vagrancy to western Europe. The species appears to be declining in southern China, remaining common only in Dongting Hu, Hunan Province3 and there have been notable declines at least locally in the breeding range, for instance, on Lake Udyl the total number of Falcated Duck broods has fallen from 530 to 120 broods since the 1980s8. Of 14,763 individuals counted in a 2005 survey of China, 13,605 were in Hunan Province, and 970 in Hubei Province2. Populations in Japan and Korea appear to have remained stable or declined only slightly3. It also appears to have become less frequent in Nepal1.

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Ecology

Ecology (Behaviour)

It is usually seen in pairs or small parties, with large flocks formed outside the breeding season, mixing with other dabbling ducks (particularly Eurasian Wigeon A. penelope and Northern Pintail A. acuta) 5. The breeding season is May to July.

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Habitat

<Breeding> The species breeds by water-meadows and lakes in lowland valleys, both in open and partly wooded areas.
<Non-Breeding> It winters on lowland rivers, lakes, flooded meadows, and, less frequently, coastal lagoons and estuaries5.

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Diet

<Breeding> Birds dabble and up-end for food in open water near emergent vegetation, or sometimes graze in waterside grassland or crops5.

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Breeding Site

See Habitat

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References

1. H.S. Baral in litt. (2005). 2. M. Barter in litt. (2005). 3. S. Chan in litt. (2005). 4. Lu Jianjian (1992). 5. Madge and Burn (1988). 6. A.W. Tordoff in litt. (2005). 7. Wetlands International (2002). 8. Poyarkov (2006). 9. Lei and Barter in litt. (2007).

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Status

International Status

IUCN Red List Category

NT

Justification

Although this species is clearly more abundant than once believed, it has been retained as Near Threatened owing to moderately rapid declines in China, as measured by survey data and inferred from very high levels of hunting.
<Population justification> Although the global population was previously estimated to be 35,000 individuals, recent counts indicate that it is considerably higher, with perhaps as many as 89,000 in total (Lei and Barter in litt. 2007). The majority of birds spend the non-breeding season in China, (78,000), Japan (9,000), North Korea and South Korea (2,000) (Wetlands International 2002; Lei and Barter in litt. 2007).
<Trend justification>
The species appears to be declining in southern China, remaining common only in Dongting Hu, Hunan Province (S. Chan in litt. 2005) and there have been notable declines at least locally in the breeding range, for instance, on Lake Udyl the total number of Falcated Duck broods has fallen from 530 to 120 broods since the 1980s (Poyarkov 2006). Populations in Japan and Korea appear to have remained stable or declined only slightly (S. Chan in litt. 2005).

 

National Status

Country Category Reference
Brunei Darussalam    
Cambodia    
China    
Indonesia    
Japan    
Korea LC Korean Red List of Threatened Species(NIBR, 2012)
Lao PDR    
Malaysia    
Mongolia NT Mongolian Red List of Birds(Seidler et al. Eds., 2011)
Myanmar    
Philippines    
Singapore    
Thailand    
Vietnam R Red Data Book of Vietnam(2000)
(Endangered, Vulnerable, Rare, Threatened)

 

Management

Threat

Hunting for food, for subsistence and local markets, is probably the major threat. This is particularly true on the non-breeding grounds in China, with an estimated 33,000-37,000 individuals of this species taken along the lower and middle Yangtze River basins in each of the four winters from 1988-19925.

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Information

No descriptions

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Current Conservation

The species occurs in a number of protected areas.

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Current Conservation

Continue to monitor non-breeding populations. Formulate national and local hunting or shooting regulations5. Educate people about the plight of waterfowl, and provide alternative employment opportunities for local hunters5. Improve management of existing wetland nature reserves on the non-breeding grounds5.

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Legal Protection

Country Status Reference
Brunei Darussalam    
Cambodia    
China    
Indonesia    
Japan    
Korea    
Lao PDR    
Malaysia    
Mongolia    
Myanmar    
Philippines    
Singapore    
Thailand    
Vietnam    

 

Related Links

 

 

Range

Geographical Information

Migration Route

 

Asian Waterbird Census

Descriptions

The Asian Waterbird Census (AWC) was initiated in 1987 and runs in parallel with other waterbird censuses carried out in Africa, Europe, Central and West Asia and Latin America under the umbrella of the International Waterbird Census (IWC), which is organised by Wetlands International.

The AWC takes place annually, during the second and third weeks of January, and is carried out by volunteers interested in collecting information on waterbirds and wetlands as a basis for contributing to their conservation.

Reference: Li, Z.W.D., Bloem, A., Delany S., Martakis G. and Quintero J. O. 2009. Status of Waterbirds in Asia - Results of the Asian Waterbird Census: 1987-2007. Wetlands International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Census Data

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                            
The total number of count sites 2 3 3 2 4 4 0 4 4 4 4 5 5 0 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 9
CAMBODIA 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                            
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 11 0 0 12 12 11 5 1 6 9 6 6
CHINA 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual     31119 1389 1375 1538 935 3879 1685 2470 16590     32     100 4593 18381 14763 1004 24708
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)     9 3 7 15 14 6 2 3 1     2     1 7 12 21 14 25
The total number of count sites 0 1 34 12 50 60 67 29 6 14 6 15 21 20 14 10 22 45 80 81 59 72
INDONESIA 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                            
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 1 19 8 17 17 15 19 16 0 0 47 12 10 40 34 14 16 15 23
JAPAN 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual       2308 4052 1269 1371 1560 2467 1843 1961 1873 2561 973 892 724 607 710 1391 604 131 156
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)       24 18 23 18 12 21 15 20 16 15 14 15 10 11 9 12 9 7 11
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 53 39 52 47 20 50 40 47 37 41 37 107 112 103 109 97 159 142 137
LAO PDR 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                            
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 2 4 5 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 14 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
MALAYSIA 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                            
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 59 68 93 85 17 10 7 10 0 0 20 25 25 25 43 43 82 82 40
MYANMAR 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual           1                 6 2   2 7     2
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)           1                 1 1   1 2     1
The total number of count sites 0 5 3 12 17 15 21 20 13 12 2 4 2 0 7 32 47 73 24 31 32 19
PHILIPPINES 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                            
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 0 19 21 34 39 46 47 39 28 29 32 43 38 50 47 56 54 65 108
SINGAPORE 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                            
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 0 4 12 17 15 13 14 10 10 6 11 10 10 8 9 9 8 8 7
REPUBLIC OF KOREA 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual     18 121 1401 151 1940 108 235 6982 2607 505 943 1912 1592 2032 1965 2254 1786 2479 2686 2655
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)     2 3 6 5 8 4 4 3 7 4 5 27 41 43 39 37 40 33 44 35
The total number of count sites 0 0 10 12 22 20 20 15 10 22 25 22 14 68 99 112 118 116 117 123 127 127
THAILAND 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual     3 8       2     12                 3    
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)     1 2       1     1                 1    
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
VIETNAM 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                 9 1        
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                 2 1        
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 1 0 1 8 2 2 16 4 4 9 6 11

 

Population

Descriptions

 

Population Trend

 

Additional Information

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Climate change species distributions

 

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