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Hooded Crane

Common Name Hooded CraneBirdlife International
Species name Grus monachaBirdlife International
Family Gruidae
Genus  
Local Name
Country Appearance Local name
Brunei Darussalam    
Cambodia    
China    
Indonesia    
Japan Yes ナベヅル
Lao PDR    
Malaysia    
Mongolia    
Myanmar    
Philippines    
Republic of Korea    
Singapore    
Thailand    
Vietnam    

 

Visual and Sound Image

Photos

Hooded Crane

Videos

 

Sounds

 

Identification

100 cm. Small, dark crane. Darkish-grey body. White top of neck and head, except patch of bare red skin above eye.
<Similar species> White-naped Crane G. vipio has grey sides of neck and extensive patch of red on sides of face around eye.
<Voice> Loud, high-pitched calls.

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Range Description

Grus monacha breeds in south-central and south-eastern Siberia, Russia. Breeding is suspected in Mongolia and two breeding sites have recently been found in the region of Heilongjiang, China6,8. Its global population is estimated to be c.11,500 birds5 with 1,460 in China and Russia1, c.114 in Korea2 and over 80% wintering at Izumi, southern Japan where 10,027 were recorded in 2005-20063. Other regular wintering grounds include Yashiro, Japan (just 10-15 birds since 2000), Suncheon Bay, South Korea, and wetlands along the Yangtze river, particularly Shengjin Hu, Poyang Hu, Longgan Hu, Huanghe Delta and Chongming Dongtan7, China. 1,088 individuals were counted at the Yangtze floodplain in 20054.

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Ecology

Ecology (Behaviour)

No descriptions

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Habitat

<Breeding> It breeds in remote, wooded, upland bogs on gently sloping foothills and flat river terraces, mostly within the permafrost zone.
<Non-breeding> It winters in freshwater marshes, wet grassland, coastal tidal flats and farmland.

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Diet

No descriptions

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Breeding Site

See Habitat

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References

BirdLife International (2001). 1. unpublished information supplied by Wetlands International Specialist Groups to Wetlands International (2006). 2. Li and Mundkur (2004). 3. P. Morris in litt. (2006). 4. M. Barter in litt. (2006). 5. J. Harris in litt. (2006). 6. Yuming et al. (2006). 7. Ma Quiang et al. (2007). 8. Guo Yu-min et al. (2007).

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Status

International Status

IUCN Red List Category

VU

Justification

This crane has a small population, restricted to fewer than ten wintering sites whose combined area is small. It has declined at the majority of these wintering sites. Given the substantial threats to its habitat, it is likely to continue declining in the near future. Owing to these factors it is listed as Vulnerable.
<Population justification> 6,900 mature individuals estimated (J. Harris in litt. 2006), although the total population is now c.11,600: 1,460 in China and Russia (unpublished information supplied by Wetlands International Specialist Groups to Wetlands International 2006); 10,027 recorded in Japan in winter 2005-2006 (P. Morris in litt. 2006); 114 in Korea in Asian Waterbird Census 2000 (Li and Mundkur 2004).
<Trend justification> This species's population is suspected to be decreasing at a moderate rate, in line with levels of wetland loss and degradation in its wintering grounds, primarily as a result of reclamation for development and dam building. Based upon winter counts, it is increasing at Izumi in Japan and Suncheon Bay in South Korea but the species's is declining at all seven of its other known wintering sites (S. Chan in litt. 2006).

 

National Status

Country Category Reference
Brunei Darussalam    
Cambodia    
China E China Red Data book of Endangered Animals(1998)
（Extinct, Extirpated, Endangered, Vulnerable, Rare, Interninate）
Indonesia    
Japan VU http://www.biodic.go.jp/rdb/rdb_f.html
Korea VU Korean Red List of Threatened Species(NIBR, 2012)
Lao PDR    
Malaysia    
Mongolia VU Mongolian Red List of Birds(Seidler et al. Eds., 2011)
Myanmar    
Philippines    
Singapore    
Thailand    
Vietnam    

 

Management

Threat

The key threats are wetland loss and degradation in its wintering grounds in China and South Korea as a result of reclamation for development and dam building, especially the proposed three gorges dam which threatens an important wintering site. Conversion of rice-paddies to cotton fields at Longgan Hu and Dongting Hu has caused declines. A newly discovered wintering site at Suncheon Bay, South Korea, is threatened by development. The artificially high concentration of birds at Izumi, as a result of supplementary feeding, risks a major population reduction from disease or another catastrophe. Other threats in China include pollution of coastal waters, pesticide poisoning, increased levels of human disturbance and over-fishing. Some poaching and hunting of breeding birds occurs.

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Information

No descriptions

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Current Conservation

CITES Appendix I and II. CMS Appendix II. Key protected areas include Norsky, Daursky and Khingansky (Russia), Daguur and Ugtam (Mongolia), Shengjin Hu, Longgan Hu, Poyang Hu, Dong Dongting Hu and Chen Hu (China), Mundok (North Korea), and Izumi-Takaono and Yashiro (Japan).

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Current Conservation

Conduct further surveys to identify additional breeding areas. Establish strictly protected areas in the Bikin river basin (Russia) and Suncheon Bay (South Korea). Expand the area or number of suitable wintering sites in Japan. Expand protected areas at Chongming Dao and Xinglong Dongsha (China). Enforce measures to minimise threats to wetlands in the lower Yangtze from the Three Gorges Dam. Prevent poisoning from pesticides and poaching. Establish local crane conservation groups in China.

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Legal Protection

Country Status Reference
Brunei Darussalam    
Cambodia    
China    
Indonesia    
Japan    
Korea Category II Wildlife Protection Act
Lao PDR    
Malaysia    
Mongolia Very Rare Species Mongolian Law on Fauna
Myanmar    
Philippines    
Singapore    
Thailand    
Vietnam    

 

Related Links

 

Range

Geographical Information

Migration Route

 

Asian Waterbird Census

Descriptions

The Asian Waterbird Census (AWC) was initiated in 1987 and runs in parallel with other waterbird censuses carried out in Africa, Europe, Central and West Asia and Latin America under the umbrella of the International Waterbird Census (IWC), which is organised by Wetlands International.

The AWC takes place annually, during the second and third weeks of January, and is carried out by volunteers interested in collecting information on waterbirds and wetlands as a basis for contributing to their conservation.

Reference: Li, Z.W.D., Bloem, A., Delany S., Martakis G. and Quintero J. O. 2009. Status of Waterbirds in Asia - Results of the Asian Waterbird Census: 1987-2007. Wetlands International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Census Data

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                            
The total number of count sites 2 3 3 2 4 4 0 4 4 4 4 5 5 0 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 9
CAMBODIA 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                            
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 11 0 0 12 12 11 5 1 6 9 6 6
CHINA 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual     353 562 564 417 84 7 462   234 766 689 1089 259 433 674 806 933 1088 911 639
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)     3 3 6 3 2 1 1   1 3 4 3 4 2 2 6 6 7 4 5
The total number of count sites 0 1 34 12 50 60 67 29 6 14 6 15 21 20 14 10 22 45 80 81 59 72
INDONESIA 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                            
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 1 19 8 17 17 15 19 16 0 0 47 12 10 40 34 14 16 15 23
JAPAN 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual       7457 1       8045 26 6734 20 26 7921 8532 21 8967 9455 8951 9445 10058 9551
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)       1 1       2 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 3
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 53 39 52 47 20 50 40 47 37 41 37 107 112 103 109 97 159 142 137
LAO PDR 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                            
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 2 4 5 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 14 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
MALAYSIA 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                            
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 59 68 93 85 17 10 7 10 0 0 20 25 25 25 43 43 82 82 40
MYANMAR 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                            
The total number of count sites 0 5 3 12 17 15 21 20 13 12 2 4 2 0 7 32 47 73 24 31 32 19
PHILIPPINES 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                            
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 0 19 21 34 39 46 47 39 28 29 32 43 38 50 47 56 54 65 108
SINGAPORE 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                            
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 0 4 12 17 15 13 14 10 10 6 11 10 10 8 9 9 8 8 7
REPUBLIC OF KOREA 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual     211     170   300       5 98 92 114 161 122 136 216 255 219 241
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)     2     1   1       2 2 3 1 4 2 1 3 3 3 5
The total number of count sites 0 0 10 12 22 20 20 15 10 22 25 22 14 68 99 112 118 116 117 123 127 127
THAILAND 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                            
The total number of count sites 10 8 3 20 26 12 23 16 17 5 9 3 1 1 7 3 9 26 20 82 99 33
VIETNAM 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                            
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 1 0 1 8 2 2 16 4 4 9 6 11

 

Population

Descriptions

 

Population Trend

 

Additional Information

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Climate change species distributions

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