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Common Greater Painted-snipe

Common Name Common Greater Painted-snipeBirdlife International
Species name Rostratula benghalensisBirdlife International
Family Rostratulidae
Genus  
Local Name
Country Appearance Local name
Brunei Darussalam    
Cambodia    
China    
Indonesia    
Japan Yes タマシギ
Lao PDR    
Malaysia    
Mongolia    
Myanmar    
Philippines    
Republic of Korea    
Singapore    
Thailand    
Vietnam    

 

Visual and Sound Image

Photos

Common Greater Painted-snipe→Greater Painted-snipe

Videos

 

Sounds

 

Identification

No descriptions

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Range Description

No descriptions

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Ecology

Ecology (Behaviour)

This species is partially migratory or nomadic, making short migratory movements in China, India and Japan, and irregular seasonal short-distance movements in Africa corresponding to feeding- and breeding-habitat requirements1. The timing of breeding varies geographically although the species is known to breed during or immediately after the rains in Africa1. It usually nests and forages in solitary pairs, although nests may be grouped together in wetlands (due to its polyandrous mating system) and it is occasionally observed in small parties or larger groups of up to 100 individuals during the non-breeding season1. The species is crepuscular2 and roosts in cover by day and night singly or in groups of up to 3 individuals3.

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Habitat

The species shows a preference for recently flooded areas in shallow lowland freshwater temporary or permanent wetlands4 in the tropics and subtropics, its patterns of habitat use being governed by the rains1. Suitable habitats include extensive swamps and marshes2, reedbeds, overgrown rice-fields1, inundated or waterlogged grassland and saltmarsh4, the muddy margins of pools, freshwater lakes with grassy islets, sewage pools, reservoirs, mudflats overgrown with marsh grass and mangroves1, and thickly vegetated banks of slow-flowing rivers3. It requires emergent vegetation in shallow water for nesting2 and occasionally forages on open grassland adjacent to wetlands1.

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Diet

The species is omnivorous, its diet consisting of insects1 (e.g. crickets and grasshoppers)3, snails, earthworms, crustaceans and seeds1.

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Breeding Site

The nest is a shallow cup1 in a mound of vegetation2 on the ground1, concealed amongst thick emergent vegetation in shallow water2. Alternatively nests may be placed in more open environments such as on dense mat of floating water-weed1.

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References

1. del Hoyo et al. (1996). 2. Hayman et al. (1986). 3. Urban et al. (1986). 4. Marchant and Higgins (1993).

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Status

International Status

IUCN Red List Category

LC

Justification

This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). Despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing, the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size may be moderately small to large, but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
<Population justification> Previous estimate of 36,000 - 1,000,000 (Wetlands International, 2006) revised, decreasing the population minimum by 5,000 individuals representing the newly-split species R. australis.
<Trend justification> The overall population trend is decreasing, although some populations have unknown trends (Wetlands International 2006).

 

National Status

Country Category Reference
Brunei Darussalam    
Cambodia    
China    
Indonesia    
Japan VU(as Rostratula benghalensis benghalensis) http://www.biodic.go.jp/rdb/rdb_f.html
Korea LC Korean Red List of Threatened Species(NIBR, 2012)
Lao PDR    
Malaysia    
Mongolia    
Myanmar    
Philippines    
Singapore    
Thailand    
Vietnam    

 

Management

Threat

Rostratula benghalensis (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) has been split into R. benghalensis and R. australis following Christidis and Boles (2008).

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Information

No descriptions

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Current Conservation

No descriptions

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Current Conservation

No descriptions

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Legal Protection

Country Status Reference
Brunei Darussalam    
Cambodia    
China    
Indonesia    
Japan    
Korea    
Lao PDR    
Malaysia Protected Wild Birds Part I: Game Birds Law of Malaysia Act 76, Protection of Wild Life Act 1972
(Amend. 2006)
Mongolia    
Myanmar    
Philippines    
Singapore    
Thailand    
Vietnam    

 

Related Links

 

 

Range

Geographical Information

Migration Route

 

Asian Waterbird Census

Descriptions

The Asian Waterbird Census (AWC) was initiated in 1987 and runs in parallel with other waterbird censuses carried out in Africa, Europe, Central and West Asia and Latin America under the umbrella of the International Waterbird Census (IWC), which is organised by Wetlands International.

The AWC takes place annually, during the second and third weeks of January, and is carried out by volunteers interested in collecting information on waterbirds and wetlands as a basis for contributing to their conservation.

Reference: Li, Z.W.D., Bloem, A., Delany S., Martakis G. and Quintero J. O. 2009. Status of Waterbirds in Asia - Results of the Asian Waterbird Census: 1987-2007. Wetlands International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Census Data

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                            
The total number of count sites 2 3 3 2 4 4 0 4 4 4 4 5 5 0 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 9
CAMBODIA 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                            
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 11 0 0 12 12 11 5 1 6 9 6 6
CHINA 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual     20   6                                  
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)     3   1                                  
The total number of count sites 0 1 34 12 50 60 67 29 6 14 6 15 21 20 14 10 22 45 80 81 59 72
INDONESIA 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                                       2   4
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                                       1   1
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 1 19 8 17 17 15 19 16 0 0 47 12 10 40 34 14 16 15 23
JAPAN 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                   5 1       8 4 2 2 4 3 3 4
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                   2 1       2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 53 39 52 47 20 50 40 47 37 41 37 107 112 103 109 97 159 142 137
LAO PDR 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual               1                            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)               1                            
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 2 4 5 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 14 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
MALAYSIA 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual       4 6     1             6   2 7 7 6 3 1
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)       1 1     1             2   1 4 4 2 2 1
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 59 68 93 85 17 10 7 10 0 0 20 25 25 25 43 43 82 82 40
MYANMAR 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual       7 3       38               6          
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)       1 1       2               1          
The total number of count sites 0 5 3 12 17 15 21 20 13 12 2 4 2 0 7 32 47 73 24 31 32 19
PHILIPPINES 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual           27 3 3     16   4   1 2   1 2 8   1
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)           2 1 1     2   1   1 1   1 1 2   1
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 0 19 21 34 39 46 47 39 28 29 32 43 38 50 47 56 54 65 108
SINGAPORE 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual           1 2   1             2            
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)           1 1   1             1            
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 0 4 12 17 15 13 14 10 10 6 11 10 10 8 9 9 8 8 7
REPUBLIC OF KOREA 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                           2 1     1        
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                           1 1     1        
The total number of count sites 0 0 10 12 22 20 20 15 10 22 25 22 14 68 99 112 118 116 117 123 127 127
THAILAND 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual               5               2 5 7 44 11 15  
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)               1               1 2 2 5 3 7  
The total number of count sites 10 8 3 20 26 12 23 16 17 5 9 3 1 1 7 3 9 26 20 82 99 33
VIETNAM 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The number of observed individual                   1         1         7    
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)                   1         1         1    
The total number of count sites 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 1 0 1 8 2 2 16 4 4 9 6 11

 

Population

Descriptions

 

Population Trend

 

Additional Information

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Climate change species distributions

 

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