Common Sandpiper

Common Name	Common SandpiperBirdlife International
Species name	Actitis hypoleucosBirdlife International
Family	Scolopacidae
Genus
Local Name	Country Appearance Local name Brunei Darussalam     Cambodia     China     Indonesia     Japan Yes イソシギ Lao PDR     Malaysia     Mongolia     Myanmar     Philippines     Republic of Korea     Singapore     Thailand     Vietnam

 

Visual and Sound Image

Photos

Common Sandpiper

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Sounds

 

Identification

No descriptions

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Range Description

No descriptions

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Ecology

Ecology (Behaviour)

This species is a full migrant, migrating at night overland on a broad front across both deserts and mountains1. Small numbers may also remain in the northern maritime climatic zone (e.g. the British Isles, Mediterranean and Japan) throughout the year1, 2. The European population that overwinters in West Africa migrates south between mid-July and August (juveniles following one month later), and returns to the breeding grounds from late-March to April1, 2. Immature individuals may also remain in the winter range throughout the summer breeding season2. The species breeds from May to June in scattered single pairs 60-70 m apart in optimal breeding habitat1, and migrates singly or in small flocks1, although it usually remains solitary in its winter range3. It forages diurnally1 and may aggregate at night4 into roosts of over 100 individuals1.

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Habitat

<Breeding> During the breeding season this species shows a preference for pebbly, sandy or rocky margins of fast-flowing rivers1, 2, as well as small ponds, pools2 and dams3, clear freshwater lake shores, sheltered sea coasts with rocky or sandy beaches, tidal creeks and estuaries3, and often forages in patches of dry meadow1. It occurs from sea level up to 4,000 m or more in the mountains, but generally avoid frozen, snow-clad or very hot areas2.
<Non-breeding> In its winter range this species inhabits a wide variety of habitats, such as small pools, ditches, riverbanks1, 2, streams, dam shores5, marshy areas4, estuaries, freshwater seeps on coastal shores, tidal creeks in mangrove swamps and saltmarshes, harbours, docks2, 5 and filtration tanks of sewage works5. It will also forage on grassland along roadsides and occasionally in gardens1, 5, but it generally avoids large coastal mudflats1.

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Diet

The diet of this species consists of adult and larval insects (such as beetles and Diptera), spiders, molluscs, snails, crustaceans, annelids, and occasionally frogs, toads, tadpoles and small fish, as well as plant material (including seeds)1, 3.

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Breeding Site

The nest is a shallow depression, sometimes amongst shrubs and trees1.

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References

1. del Hoyo et al. (1996). 2. Snow and Perrins (1998). 3. Urban et al. (1986). 4. Johnsgard (1981). 5. Yalden (1992).

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Status

International Status

IUCN Red List Category

LC

Justification

This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). Despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing, the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size is extremely large, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
<Population justification> Total regarded as a minimum by Wetlands International (2006).
<Trend justification> The overall population trend is decreasing, although some populations may be stable and others have unknown trends (Wetlands International 2006). In Europe, trends since 1980 show that populations have undergone a moderate decline (p<0.01), based on provisional data for 21 countries from the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme (EBCC/RSPB/BirdLife/Statistics Netherlands; P. Vorisek in litt. 2008).

 

National Status

Country	Category	Reference
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
China
Indonesia
Japan
Korea
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Mongolia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam

 

Management

Threat

The size of the breeding population in England is threatened by disturbance from recreational anglers5.

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Information

No descriptions

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Current Conservation

No descriptions

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Current Conservation

No descriptions

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Legal Protection

Country	Status	Reference
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
China
Indonesia
Japan
Korea
Lao PDR
Malaysia	Protected Wild Birds Part I: Game Birds(as Tringa hypoleucos)	Law of Malaysia Act 76, Protection of Wild Life Act 1972 (Amend. 2006)
Mongolia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam

 

Related Links

 

Range

Geographical Information

Migration Route

 

Asian Waterbird Census

Descriptions

The Asian Waterbird Census (AWC) was initiated in 1987 and runs in parallel with other waterbird censuses carried out in Africa, Europe, Central and West Asia and Latin America under the umbrella of the International Waterbird Census (IWC), which is organised by Wetlands International.

The AWC takes place annually, during the second and third weeks of January, and is carried out by volunteers interested in collecting information on waterbirds and wetlands as a basis for contributing to their conservation.

Reference: Li, Z.W.D., Bloem, A., Delany S., Martakis G. and Quintero J. O. 2009. Status of Waterbirds in Asia - Results of the Asian Waterbird Census: 1987-2007. Wetlands International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Census Data

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
The number of observed individual	31	57	77	23	39	26		16	10	15	16	25	8				15					63
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)	2	3	3	2	4	4		4	4	3	4	4	4				3					8
The total number of count sites	2	3	3	2	4	4	0	4	4	4	4	5	5	0	0	0	9	0	0	1	0	9
CAMBODIA	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
The number of observed individual								1			9			8	53	33	1		112	56	10	77
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)								1			2			2	4	4	1		2	3	3	2
The total number of count sites	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	0	0	11	0	0	12	12	11	5	1	6	9	6	6
CHINA	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
The number of observed individual			5	26	76	165	84	7		8	13	20						95	261	73	245	27
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)			1	2	7	5	3	3		2	2	1						10	16	23	14	11
The total number of count sites	0	1	34	12	50	60	67	29	6	14	6	15	21	20	14	10	22	45	80	81	59	72
INDONESIA	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
The number of observed individual				12	552	59	199	184	143	144	82			278	18	48	80	140	49	100	38	209
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)				1	13	7	9	8	14	9	10			13	3	3	12	7	4	10	3	10
The total number of count sites	0	0	0	1	19	8	17	17	15	19	16	0	0	47	12	10	40	34	14	16	15	23
JAPAN	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
The number of observed individual					15			39	83	89	100	57	46	46	238	287	282	264	199	186	172	186
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)					2			10	17	15	20	12	9	14	59	58	57	58	48	52	48	48
The total number of count sites	0	0	0	53	39	52	47	20	50	40	47	37	41	37	107	112	103	109	97	159	142	137
LAO PDR	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
The number of observed individual								40							18	12				20
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)								1							11	1				1
The total number of count sites	0	0	0	2	4	5	3	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	14	1	0	0	0	1	0	0
MALAYSIA	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
The number of observed individual				490	682	773	1128	347	63	101	65			56	151	199	139	313	199	264	781	136
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)				40	49	68	65	13	10	7	4			12	17	18	17	28	25	54	55	25
The total number of count sites	0	0	0	59	68	93	85	17	10	7	10	0	0	20	25	25	25	43	43	82	82	40
MYANMAR	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
The number of observed individual				96	70	427	280	235	128	41		48			28	53	142	245	186	248	722	67
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)				2	4	7	8	8	8	3		1			5	11	21	19	12	23	26	12
The total number of count sites	0	5	3	12	17	15	21	20	13	12	2	4	2	0	7	32	47	73	24	31	32	19
PHILIPPINES	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
The number of observed individual					65	155	386	172	429	313	324	121	268	251	164	207	233	291	239	342	238	546
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)					5	14	19	13	20	19	20	7	14	22	22	15	22	20	23	28	23	41
The total number of count sites	0	0	0	0	19	21	34	39	46	47	39	28	29	32	43	38	50	47	56	54	65	108
SINGAPORE	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
The number of observed individual					84	261	168	248	132	179	164	131	105	189	128	202	160	154	63	62	82	32
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)					4	10	17	14	11	12	10	9	6	10	8	10	8	7	8	6	7	6
The total number of count sites	0	0	0	0	4	12	17	15	13	14	10	10	6	11	10	10	8	9	9	8	8	7
REPUBLIC OF KOREA	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
The number of observed individual			1										1	72	65	62	11	83	35	50	76	60
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)			1										1	10	13	14	5	11	13	19	24	17
The total number of count sites	0	0	10	12	22	20	20	15	10	22	25	22	14	68	99	112	118	116	117	123	127	127
THAILAND	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
The number of observed individual	148	81		36	22	46	59	62	78	6	2	1	30	4	82	39	12	370	197	245	604	201
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)	7	6		11	7	5	10	7	7	3	2	1	1	1	2	3	3	11	10	30	49	21
The total number of count sites	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
VIETNAM	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
The number of observed individual					6		10	1			1		1	17	3	117	90	56	47	30	174	8
The number of observed sites(not all count sites)					1		1	1			1		1	2	2	2	10	3	3	5	5	2
The total number of count sites	0	0	0	1	2	0	1	4	0	1	1	0	1	8	2	2	16	4	4	9	6	11

 

Population

Descriptions

 

Population Trend

 

Additional Information

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Climate change species distributions

 

Other Information

• Detailed species account from Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status (BirdLife International 2004)